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Influence of Ozone Stress on Soybean Response to Carbon Dioxide Enrichment: II. Biomass and Development

USDA-ARS, Air Quality - Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, 1509 Varsity Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606 and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ.
USDA-ARS, Air Quality - Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, 1509 Varsity Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606 and Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ.
Air Quality - Plant Growth and Development Research Program, 1509 Varsity Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606 and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ.

^* Corresponding author (jmiller{at}asrr.arsusda.gov).

Previous research has shown that elevated CO₂ concentrations can increase plant growth, whereas the air pollutant O₃ is phytotoxic. Because elevated concentrations of these gases will co-occur, the objective of our experiment was to determine if estimates of plant growth response to future levels of CO₂ and O₃ require experiments to test the gases in combination. Soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Essex) were exposed in open-top chambers to combinations of O₃ and CO₂ from plant emergence through physiological maturity. Ozone treatments were charcoal-filtered air (CF), nonfiltered air (NF), and NF with O₃ added for 12 d^–1 (NF+) (seasonal mean 12 d^–1 O₃ concentrations of 20, 50, or 79 nL L^–1, respectively). Carbon dioxide exposures were for 24 h d^–1 giving seasonal mean 12 d^–1 concentrations of 370, 482, 599, or 713 µL L^–1. Over the season, elevated CO₂ usually stimulated growth and O₃ suppressed growth. Elevated CO₂ usually increased partitioning of biomass to branches, decreased partitioning to pods, increased specific leaf weight, and decreased leaf area ratio. Ozone suppressed leaf and root weight ratios, increased pod weight ratios, and decreased specific leaf weight. Toward the end of the season, both O₃ and CO₂ accelerated reproductive development. Elevated CO₂ moderated suppression of growth by O₃, and the highest CO₂ concentration completely ameliorated O₃ effects on main stem biomass, root biomass, and leaf area. Ozone, however, limited some positive growth responses to CO₂, especially at less than a doubling of CO₂ concentrations. These results indicate that in order to understand the future impacts of atmospheric gases such as elevated CO₂ and O₃ on crop growth, their combined effects should be determined.

Received for publication December 16, 1996.

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