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Inheritance of High Glanding, an Insect Resistance Trait in Cotton

Delta Research and Extension Center, P.O. Box 197, Stoneville, MS 38776

The high glanding (HG) trait [i.e., presence of gossypol glands the upper edge of the sepals of the upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) flower bud] confers a significant level of resistance to bollworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] and tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)], but the inheritance of this trait is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of the HG trait to aid breeders in developing improved HG cultivars. Crosses were made among HG, normal glanding (NG), and glandless genotypes, and with isolines of the HG breeding line, XG-15, which had genotypes 2(Gl₂ gl₃) and 2(gl₂ Gl₃). The isoline, XG-15 gl₂Gl₃, expressed the HG phenotype, leading to the hypothesis that HG is conferred by a special Gl₃ allele derived from XG-15. Crosses of HG x NG parents resulted in HG F₁, 3 HG/1 NG ratios in the F₂, and ratios of 1 HG/2 segregating/1 NG among F_2:3 progeny. Crosses of XG-15 gl₂Gl₃ x NG produced similar results. The cross, XG-15 gl₂Gl₃ x HG, did not segregate for calyx margin glanding type. The cross, XG-15 gl₂Gl₃ x glandless, resulted in glandless flower buds in the F₁ and a ratio of 3 glandless (flower buds)/1 HGin the F₂. The F₁ HG x glandless had small sparse glands on the base of the sepals. Phenotypes of individual F₂ plants did not appear to fit common segregation ratios, but data from F_2:3 families supported the hypothesis that a special Gl₃ allele confers the HG phenotype. This allele, derived originally from Socorro Island cotton, is tentatively designated Gl^S₃.

Received for publication September 12, 1996.

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