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Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment Effects on Rate and Duration of Apical Development of Spring Wheat

Dep. of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Plant Sciences, Univ. of Idaho
Water Conservation Lab, USDA-ARS, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040
Weed Science Lab, USDA-ARS, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164
LI-COR, Inc., 4421 Superior St. Lincoln, NE 68504

^* Corresponding author (E-mail: li921{at}uidaho.edu).

Rates and durations of individual phases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) apical development are among the most important factors that determine yield components. Because atmospheric CO₂ has been increasing steadily, it is important to evaluate the effects of elevated CO₂ on wheat development. This study was conducted to determine rates and durations of leaf, spikelet, and floret primordium initiation in a Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) system. Spring wheat (cv. Yecora Roja) was planted at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center. The two CO₂ concentrations were 550 (elevated) and 370 (ambient) µmol mol^–1 CO₂. Individual plant samples were collected every 3 to 4 d. We dissected the main stem (MS), coleoptile tiller (T0), primary tillers (T1, T2, and T3) and secondary tillers (T00, T01, T02, T10, Tll, and T12) and counted primordia. Apex primordium data were fitted to a four-piece linear-spline segmented regression model with the SAS proc NLIN. No influence of elevated CO₂ (550 µmol^–1 on leaf primordium initiation of MS was detected. Nevertheless, CO₂ enrichment significantly increased rates of spikelet primordium initiation of MS, T1, T2, T10, and Tll, and diminished the durations of spikelet development phase of MS, TI, T2, T3, T10, and T11. Within the floret phase, CO₂ enrichment significantly increased rates of floret primordium initiation of MS, TO, T1, T2, and T3, and diminished the time to the completion of floret primordium initiation of MS, T0, T1, T3, and T11. The information from this study will be utilized to predict wheat apical development and grain production in the elevated atmospheric CO₂ environments of the future.

Received for publication February 7, 1996.

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