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Relationships between Seed Yield and Seed Protein in Determinate and Indeterminate Soybean Populations

USDA-ARS, Crop Production and Pathology Res. and Dep. of Agron., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47905-1150
Dep. of Agron., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47905-1150

^* Corresponding author (jwilcox{at}dept.agry.purdue.edu).

The development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with high seed protein has been hampered by the inverse relationship between seed yield and seed protein concentration. Determinate and indeterminate near-isolines of soybean are usually similar in seed protein but differ in growth type. This study was conducted to determine if relationships between seed yield and seed protein differed in populations of these two plant types. Determinate and indeterminate progenies were identified in two crosses between high-protein indeterminate breeding lines and determinate strains with average seed protein. The F₄-derived progenies were evaluated for 2 yr in three-replicate yield tests at West Lafayette, IN. Seed protein and oil concentration were determined on seed from individual entries in each replication. Mean seed protein concentrations were similar for the two plant types in each cross. Regression of seed protein on seed yield was not significant among determinate progenies in either cross. In contrast, negative slopes of regression lines were significant when seed protein was regressed on seed yield for indeterminate progenies in each cross. The three highest yielding determinate entries from one cross were similar in yield to the determinate cultivar Charleston and varied from 449 to 478 g kg^–1 seed protein compared with Charleston with 420 g kg^–1 protein. In the second cross, the three highest yielding determinate progenies were similar in yield to Charleston; two of these had higher seed protein than Charleston. The three highest yielding indeterminate lines in both crosses were similar in yield to the indeterminate check cultivars Edison and Flyer and varied in seed protein from 418 to 435 g kg^–1 compared with 414 g kg^–1 protein for Edison and 418 g kg^–1 for Flyer. The data demonstrate that in these two crosses, determinate progenies were a better source of selections that combined high seed yield with high seed protein than were indeterminate progenies.

Received for publication August 2, 1995.

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