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Heterosis of Cuphea lanceolata Single-Cross Hybrids

CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, GPO Box No. 1600, Canberra, ACT 260I, Australia
Dep. of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331

^* Corresponding author (sknapp{at}helix.css.orst.edu).

Cuphea lanceolata forma silenoides Ait. (Lythraceae) is a self-compatible, insect-pollinated, allogamous annual oilseed crop. Our objectives were to develop a set of inbred lines from an open-pollinated population (LN-43), estimate inbreeding effects by using differences between an S₀ population (LN-43) and S₁ and S₂ lines, estimate heterosis effects by using differences between inbreds and single-cross hybrids, and rank inbred lines as sources of alleles for enhancing single-cross hybrids of C. lanceolata. Ten groups of S₁ and S₂ lines were developed by single-seed descent from the C. lanceolata population LN-43. All possible single-cross hybrids were developed among five S₅ lines from LN-43. Plant height, biomass, seed yield, seed oil content, and 500-seed weight decreased as inbreeding increased. Significant inbreeding depression was observed for every trait. Biomass and seed yield were more severely affected by inbreeding than the other traits. Significant heterosis was observed for every hybrid and trait. Heterosis was greatest for seed yield and least for 500-seed weight. Mean heterosis was 71.7% for plant height, 79.9% for biomass, 159.0% for seed yield, 36.7% for seed oil content, and 22.3% for 500-seed weight. A significant positive correlation of 0.72 was observed between line per se and hybrid seed yield, and the highest yielding inbred lines (LN-97 and LN-98) produced the highest yielding hybrid (LN-97 x LN-98). The seed yield of LN-97 x LN-98 might be increased by using LN-99 as a donor. Although seed yields can be maximized by using single-cross hybrids, a mechanism for producing hybrid seed has not yet been developed. The heterosis of this species can nevertheless be exploited by using synthetic cultivars.

Received for publication January 30, 1995.