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Three-Mode Analyses of Maize Using Morphological and Agronomic Attributes Measured in Multilocational Trials

Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Apdo. Postal 2600, Quito Ecuador
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Lisboa 27, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 México, D.F., México
Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia

^* Corresponding author (jcrossa{at}alphac.cimmyt.mx).

This study provides examples of the application of three-mode methods to agronomic and morphological data from multiattribute and multilocational trials of accessions from two Mexican maize (Zea mays L.) races, Cónico and Tuxpeño. Initially, Cónico accessions from the state of México were classified into five subgroups, whereas Tuxpeño accessions were classified into three subgroups based on the ecogeographical region of origin. A three-mode classification method reassigned accessions to form more homogeneous subgroups. The new Cónico groups were called C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 and the new Tuxpeño groups were named T1, T2, and T3. Intra-racial genetic diversity was investigated by three-mode principal component analysis. Most Cónico Group C3 accessions had low grain yield, early maturity, short plants, and short ears. Group C2 accessions had the tallest plants, the shortest kernels, and the narrowest ears; whereas, Group C4 accessions had the longest kernels and the widest ears. Accessions in Groups C1 and C5 were the highest yielders and had the longest ears. A core subset would include accessions from all five subgroups with an approximate average response for all attributes, pins some accessions with extreme responses. Tuxpeño Group T2 accessions were earlier and had shorter plants than the accessions from Group T1. Group T3 accessions had higher grain yield and longer kernel length. A core subset of Tuxpeño accessions could be formed as suggested for Cónico. If a Tuxpeño core subset with high grain yield and shorter plant type is desired, more accessions from Groups T2 and T3 should be included.

Received for publication November 28, 1994.

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