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Molecular-Marker-Mediated Characterization of Favorable Exotic Alleles at Quantitative Trait Loci in Maize

Ciba Seeds, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
Dep. of Crop Science and USDA-ARS, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
CIMMYT, Apartado Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico
Dep. of Genetics, Dep. of Crop Science and USDA-ARS, North State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7614

^* Corresponding author (ragotm{at}abru.cg.com).

Exotic maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm, shown to be useful for developing improved temperate cultivars, has remained little used partly because of many inherent shortcomings. Five F₂ populations, developed from South American and U.S. germplasm, were used to detect favorable factors of exotic origin at quantitative trait loci (QTL) with isozymes and RFLPs. A number of traits of agronomic importance, including grain yield, were measured on F₂ individuals and/or F₃ families grown in several environments. Many QTLs, mostly with small effects, were identified. Major QTLs for grain yield and number of ears per plant were located on chromosomes 3 and 6. Stability of QTLs across environments was high. Favorable alleles of exotic origin were found at QTLs for several traits including grain yield and number of ears per plant. Most of these alleles also showed undesirable effects on other traits, however. Nevertheless, the superiority of exotic alleles over adapted alleles was demonstrated clearly at a few QTLs, re-affirming the usefulness of exotic germplasm for temperate maize breeding.

Received for publication November 5, 1993.

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