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USDA-ARS Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Res. and Dep. of Crop Science
USDA-ARS, Crop Production and Pathology Res. and Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907
USDA-ARS Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Res. and Dep. of Crop Science
Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ.,, Raleigh, NC 27695
* Corresponding author (jwilcox{at}dept.agry.purdue.edu).
Palmitic acid is the major saturated fatty acid in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil. Reducing levels of palmitic acid should enhance the nutritive value of soybean oil for human consumption. The low palmitic acid strain C1726 (81 g kg–1 16:0), carrying the fap1 allele, was crossed with two strains developed independently of C1726, N79- 2077-12 and N90-2013, both with about 60 g kg–1 16:0. Progenies from these crosses were evaluated to determine genetic relationships controlling palmitic acid in these two groups of strains. Palmitic acid concentrations in the oil of F2 seeds, F3 seeds on F2 plants, and seeds from F3 families were determined by gas chromatography. Transgressive segregates averaging 44 and 96 g kg–1 16:0 were identified in the segregating populations. Both F2 plants and F3 families were identified that were either homozygous or heterozygous for loci controlling palmitic acid. Chi-square analyses for a 1 homozygous P1 type/1 homozygous P2 type/1 homozygous recombinant type (high 16: 0)/1 homozygous recombinant type (low 16:0)/12 plants or families heterozygous at either locus demonstrated that two loci controlling levels of 16:0 were segregating in these populations. A correlation coefficient of 0.97 calculated between palmitic acid values of homozygous F2 plants and their F3 family means demonstrated that the homozygous classes were true breeding for palmitic acid. The locus in C1726 was fapl; the other locus, in N79-2077-12 and N90-2013, has not been designated. These populations provide additional sources of low palmitic acid to enhance the nutritional value of soybean oil.
Received for publication October 8, 1993.
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