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Genotypic and Environmental Variation for Degree of Cross-Fertilization in Faba Bean

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Inst. Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, Univ. of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
DLO-Center for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
ICRISAT, Legumes Virology, Patancheru, P.O., Andhra Pradesh 50234, India

^* Corresponding author.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a partially allogamous grain legume. Its degree of cross-fertilization (C) is influenced by genetic and environmental effects. Both sources of variation for this trait were investigated in two experiments using black seed color as a morphological marker. Genotypic variation for C among 48 inbred lines derived from the small-seeded European faba bean gene pool was evaluated at one location in Germany for 3 yr (Exp. 1). Environmental variation was evaluated with a subset of four inbred lines grown at 17 European locations, with eight locations evaluated for 2 yr (Exp. 2). Mean values for C of genotypes in Exp. 1 ranged from 38.4 to 72.5% and averaged 53.7%. The estimate of the genotypic standard deviation was 7.5% and for heritability it was 0.75. Environmental means of C in Exp. 2 ranged from 42.7 to 73.6% and averaged 53.9%. The standard deviation among locations was 6.3%. In conclusion, selection among genotypes and locations is promising to promote outcrossing in faba beans to better exploit heterosis in the breeding of cultivars.

Received for publication August 26, 1993.