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F₂ Hybrids of Host Plant Germplasm and Cotton Cultivars: II. Heterosis and Combining Ability for Fiber Properties

Agronomy Dep., Mississippi State University

Johnie N. Jenkins^* and J. C. McCarty

USDA-ARS, Crop Science Res. Lab., P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762

C. E. Watson

Mississippi State University

^* Corresponding author.

Estimates of combining ability and heterosis for fiber properties among pest-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) gene pools and cultivars are necessary for efficient F₂ hybrid development. Four cultivars were crossed as female with 16 pest-resistant germplasm lines in a North Carolina Design II to evaluate combining ability and potential heterosis of F₂ hybrids for six fiber characteristics. The 20 parents and 64 F₂ hybrids were evaluated in four environments at Mississippi State, MS. Environment x hybrids interactions were significant for strength and micronaire, but not for length, uniformity, or elongation. Parent populations generally were more sensitive to the environment than were their F₂ hybrids for most characteristics. General combining ability (GCA) effects were more importan than specific combining ability (SCA) effects. Except for 2.5% span length, GCA effects for ‘DES119’ were significant, positive, and consistent for all characteristics. ‘C315’, MHR10 and ‘Deicot 344’ had significant, positive GCA effects for strength, 50% span length and 2.5% span length. In general, fiber traits of F₂ hybrids were similar to mid-parental values. Very few F₂ hybrids wre superior in fiber properties to their high parent, but approximately 50% of the F₂ hybrids were not significantly different from their high parents for most fiber traits except micronaire. These results are encouraging for the potential of utilizing pest-resistant germplasms as parents with cuitivars to produce F₂ hybrids that combine acceptable yield and fiber properties.

Received for publication May 15, 1992.

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