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Selection of Cultured Wheat Cells for Tolerance to High Temperature Stress

Texas A&M Res. & Ext. Ctr. at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75252-6599
Dep. of Botany, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
Dep.of Biology, Middle East Technical Univ., Ankara, Turkey
Dep. of Agronomy, Horticulture and Entomology, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX 79409

^* Corresponding author.

In vitro culture offers approaches to study cellular responses and to obtain cells tolerant to high temperature stress. The objectives of this study were to select wheat cells that tolerate high temperature stress, study cell line stability and cytogenetic characteristics, and compare protein synthesis in selected and control cell lines after exposure to heat stress. Three of 600 colonies plated were recovered after cells had been exposed to 48 °C. Forty-five percent of the cells of the tolerant cell line, M₄₈, survived when they were returned to a normal temperature (22 °C) for mo and rechallenged with a 48 °C treatment. The control cell line exhibited 0.8% survival under this treatment. Chromosomal elimination and genomic rearrangements were observed extensively for the cell lines before and after heat selection. Heat selection did enhance the occurrence of polytene chromosomes and the frequency of extrachromosomal DNA. When cell viability was evaluated in cell suspension cultures, M₄₈ had a higher percentage of viable cells than the control cell line. Analysis of ³⁵S-methionine in vivo labeled proteins showed that the selected M₄₈ cell line maintained the synthesis of most normal proteins under a heat shock of 40 °C for 4 h, with synthesis of several unique low molecular weight heat-shock proteins (HSPs). quantitative in crease in high molecular weight HSPs was also observed in this cell line. This study demonstrated that a heat-tolerant cell line of wheat can be obtained from in vitro selection, and that this phenomenon was associated with the synthesis of specific proteins under heat stress.

Received for publication April 13, 1992.