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Adventitious Shoot Formation from Mature Leaf Explants of Arachis Species

USDA-ARS, SAA, 1109 Experiment ST., Reg. Plant Intro. Stn., Griffin, GA 30223-1797

^* Corresponding author.

Adventitious shoot formation has important applications in genetic transformation, vegetative propagation, and germplasm storage. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of light intensity, explant age, gelling agent, phytohormone, and genotype on adventitious shoot formation from mature leaf explants of Arachis species. Mature leaf explants of 13 Arachis species were cultured for 30 d on a medium with Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, Gamborg B5 vita. mins (BS), 30 g L^–1 sucrose, 5 µM -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 5 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and solidified with 8 g L^–1 agar. After tissue from these cultures was transferred to medium with reduced auxin, shoots or shoot buds were regenerated from the cultures of A. burkartii Handro, A. lignosa nom. nud. Krap. & Greg., A. paraguariensis Chod. & Hassl., A. repens Handro, A. rigonii Krap. & Greg., A. tuberosa Benth., A. villosa Benth., and A. villosulicarpa Hoehne. Changing the gelling agent in the regeneration medium from agar to rice (Oryza sativa L.) starch produced a threefold increase in the number of shoot buds produced from leaf explants of A. villosulicarpa. Mature leaf explants of A. villosulicarpa produced an average of 50 shoots and buds after 25 d in culture at 25 °C, with a 16-h photoperiod of 100 µmol m^–2 s^–1, on a medium with MS salts, B5 vitamins, 5 µM NAA and 5 µM BAP, and solidified with 120 g L^–1 rice starch. The high rate of shoot regeneration observed from mature leaf explants of A. villosulicarpa may allow it to be a model to test factors affecting adventitious shoot formation from Arachis species.

Received for publication December 23, 1991.