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Analysis of Culture-Induced Variation in Soybean

Dep. of Zoology and Genetics

Reid G. Palmer and Randy C. Shoemaker^*

USDA-ARS, Field Crops Res. Unit. and Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011

^* Corresponding author.

Genetic variation among culture-regenerated crop plants can be a source of novel and desirable genetic diversity, or it can be a source of detrimental and agronomically unfavorable phenotypic variability. The objectives of this research were to determine the frequency and types of somaclonal variants obtained from culture regenerated soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Four hundred seventy-five plants were regenerated from nine soybean cultivars via direct somatic embryogenesis from cotyledons of immature zygotic embroyos. Their R₁, R₂, and R₃, progeny were scored for qualitative variation and inheritance of variant phenotypes. In each generation, sufficient numbers of progeny from R₀, R₁, and R₂ plants were grown to ensure a 95% probability of recovering a homozygous recessive phenotype, assuming single-gene inheritance. Phenotypic variation was observed in the R₀, R₁, R₂, and R₃ generations. Variant phenotypes included partial sterility (R₀, R₁, R₂), complete sterility (R₀,), abnormal leaf morphology (R₀, R₁, R₂, R₃), chlorophyll chimeras (R₂, R₃), chlorophyll-deficiencies (R₂, R₃), changes in growth habit (R₂, R₃), yellow edges on cotyledons (R₃,), no unifoliates (R₃), dwarf plants (R₂), yellow-green plants (R₃), and isozyme variants (R₂). Inheritance studies of chlorophyll-deficient, curled leaf, and wrinkled leaf plants confirmed that these traits were genetically controlled. Segregation for genetically controlled traits initially was observed in the R₂ generation. This study produced variant phenotypes not previously reported that have potential for contributing to the understanding of the soybean genome.

Received for publication September 3, 1991.