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Aluminum Tolerance in Barley: Genetic Relationships among Genotypes of Diverse Origin

Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo EMBRAPA, Passo Fundo, Brazil
Dep. of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853-1902

^* Corresponding author.

Aluminum toxicity is an important limitation to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production in many regions possessing acid soils. To determine the potential for improvement of Al tolerance using known sources of tolerance, 37 barley genotypes of diverse genetic and geographical origins were evaluated for Al tolerance, and the number of loci and allelic relationships were determined using the hematoxylin root-staining procedure. Alleles were differentiated at different levels of Al. Segregation in populations from sensitive x tolerant, and moderately tolerant x tolerant crosses indicated a single locus. No transgressive segregation was observed in any of the populations. The most tolerant genotypes tested were CI 8411, ‘Colonial 2’, ‘Dayton’, ‘Murasski Mochi’, ‘Nakano Wase’, ‘Smooth Awn 86’, ‘Smooth Awn 203’, and ‘Sunrise’. All of these genotypes except Colonial 2, Dayton, and Sunrise are ancestral landraces or germplasms of unknown origin. Colonial 2 inherited tolerance from Nakano Wise via Sunrise, while tolerance in Dayton could come from either Nakano Wise or Smooth Awn 203. These results indicate that tolerance, as measured by the hematoxylin test, is controlled by a single locus with multiple alleles and the most tolerant ancestral genotypes have alleles conditioning similar levels of tolerance. There is little potential for improvement of Al tolerance in barley using these known sources of tolerance in cultivated germplasm. Future research should be directed toward evaluation of uncharacterized germplasm and related species.

Received for publication May 16, 1991.

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