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Genotype and Environment Effects on Quality Characteristics of Hard Red Winter Wheat

USDA-ARS

P. S. Baenziger and A. W. Grombacher

Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583

^* Corresponding author.

Improvement of end-use quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depends on thorough understanding of the influences of environment, genotype, and their interaction. Our objectives were to determine relative contributions of genotype, environment, and G x E interaction to variation in quality characteristics of hard red winter wheat. Eighteen winter wheat genotypes were grown in replicated trials at six locations in Nebraska and one site in Arizona in 1988 and 1989. Harvested grain was micromilled to produce flour samples for evaluation of protein concentration, mixing characteristics, and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) sedimentation. Kernel hardness was determined by microscopic evaluation of individual kernels. Genotype, environment, and interaction effects were found to significantly influence variation in all quality parameters. Variances of quality characteristics associated with environmental effects were generally larger than those for genetic factors. The magnitude of G x E effects were found to be of similar magnitude to genetic factors for mixing tolerance and kernel hardness, but were smaller for flour protein concentration, mixing time, and SDS sedimentation value. Significant differences among genotype responses (b-values) were observed in the regressions of genotype mean on location means for each quality parameter. There were few instances of significant deviations from regression. Positive correlations between genotype grand mean and genotype b-values for flour protein, mixing time, and mixing tolerance suggest that simultaneous improvement in both mean and stability for these traits may be difficult. Based on these results, environmental influences on enduse quality attributes should be an important consideration in cultivar improvement efforts toward enhancing marketing quality of hard red winter wheat.

Received for publication February 19, 1991.

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