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Gibberellic Acid and 2,4-D Treatments for Wheat x Barley Hybridization Using Detached Spikes

Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

Wade G. Dewey and John G. Carman

Plants, Soils and Biometeorology Dep., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-4820

^* Corresponding author.

Wide hybridization is a complementary alternative for transferring desirable traits between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare Lo). Direct hybridization procedures have proven ineffectual because of genetic dissimilarities between diverse gene pools. Progress has been made by applying growth hormones prior to and after pollination. Using crossable lines has also contributed to successful hybridization. Detached spikes were used to evaluate the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) on crossing success between ‘Fukuhokomugi’ (Fukuho) wheat and ‘Luther’ barley. Seed set was best when Fukuho was the maternal parent. More embryos were obtained by adding high concentrations of 2,4-D to the detached-spike culture medium (up to 225 µmol kg^–l). This synthetic hormone had no effect on embryo formation when barley was used as the female parent. Gibberellic acid (8.3 to 29.8 µmol kg^–1) did not affect embryo formation, regardless of the cross direction. The 2,4-D-induced increase in embryo set is presumably attributed to enhanced embryo survivability.

Received for publication September 10, 1990.