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Heterosis and Mixing Effects in Winter Oilseed Rape

Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-Univ. of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-2300 Kiel 1, Germany

^* Corresponding author.

Open-pollinated synthetics and lineal cultivar structures of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. napus) are used for commercial production. All are different in degree of heterozygosity and heterogeneity. This study was conducted to determine heterosis and mixing effects, and their interactions on yield and yield stability. From four randomly-chosen winter oilseed rape cultivars the F₁, F₂, two-component cultivar mixtures and Syn₁ were produced using a diallel design. Furthermore, three two-component F₁ mixtures were produced. The cultivars, cultivar mixtures, F₁'s and Syn₁'s were tested at four locations in northern Germany in 1982–1983 and 1983–1984. The F₂'s and F₁ mixtures were tested in 1983–1984. Mixtures of cultivars outyielded cultivars by 6%. The F₁'s outyielded cultivars (by 15%), cultivar mixtures (by 8%), and Syn, (by 6%). The F₁ mixtures outyielded F₁'s in pure stands by 6%. The F₂'s surpassed cultivars by 4%, but yielded less than expected based on the parental and F₁ results. The stability parameter ecovalence revealed a positive effect of increasing heterozygosity and heterogeneity on yield stability. The effect of heterogeneity on yield stability was greater than the effect of heterozygosity. The F₁ mixtures showed high yield and high yield stability. The results suggest that heterogeneous hybrid structures of winter rape may be superior to homogeneous hybrid structures.

Received for publication January 25, 1990.

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