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Crop Effects on Broad-Sense Heritabilities and Genetic Variances of Sugarcane Yield Components

Agronomy Dep., 104 M. B. Sturgis Hall, Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stn., LSU Agric. Ctr., Baton Rogue, LA 70803
Rice Res. and Ext. Ctr., P.O. Box 351, Stuttgart, AR 72160

^* Corresponding author.

Estimates of genetic variances and derived statistics of pertinent traits are essential for efficient plant breeding programs. For clonal sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) populations in Louisiana, such estimates (and unconfoanded estimates of genotype by environment [GE] and genotype by crop [GC] variances) were lacking. The objectives of this study were to estimate broad-sense genetic and GE variance components for a clonal sugarcane population representative of initial stages of replicated testing and to determine the relative importance of years, locations, and crops. Thirty-seven genotypes were planted in 1983 and replanted in 1984 in replicated tests at five locations. Data from two 3-yr. crop cycles were used. Genetic advance (GA) indicated considerable improvement potential in sucrose yield, cane yield, and stalk number and weight. Genotypic variance was generally secondary to error variance in determining phenotypic variance; GE variances were tertiary to genotypic and error variances. Within a crop, genotype by location (GL) variances tended to be larger than genotype by year (GY). Estimates of potential of plant cane sucrose yields over years and locations implied testing across locations could substitute for years, effectively reducing the time to identify elite clones. Analysis across crops showed GC, GL and GYL interaction variances were usually larger than GY. Estimates of GA showed no difference in potential gain from replicating across years vs. crops. For several traits, the most potential for improvement is in older crop performance, and selection is best practiced with regard to crop.

Received for publication April 3, 1989.

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