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Characteristics and Stability of a New Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Male-Sterile Source in Pearl Millet

USDA-ARS, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Georgia, Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Tifton, GA 31793

Stable cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile lines are desirable for producing commercial hybrids. The A₁ cytoplasm in pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., is widely used but produces fertile revertants. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the stability of male sterility in a cytoplasm (A_m) transferred from P. glaucum (L.) R. Br. subspecies monodii (Maire) Brunken and to determine if this cytoplasm differed from the A₁, A₂, and A₃ cytoplasms. In 1983, seeds of male-sterile ‘Tift 23A₁’ and ‘Tift 23a_m’ were stored at 24, 5, and –5 –C. In 1984 to 1986, seeds of each line were planted in the field and observed daily at anthesis for fertile revertants. Male sterility of the line with A_m cytoplasm is maintained by the maintainer lines of A₁, A₂, and A₃ cytoplasms. Seven tester lines restored full or partial male fertility to hybrids with A₁, A₂, and A₃ cytoplasms but only two of the testers restored male fertility to hybrids with A_m cytoplasm. Plants with A₁ cytoplasm are 2 or 3 d earlier than plants with A₁ cytoplasm and have darker red anthers than those with A₁ cytoplasm. In 3 yr, male-sterile plants with A₁ cytoplasm averaged 0.91 fertile revertant events per 1000 inflorescences, while no fertile revertants were observed for plants with A_m cytoplasm. The number of fertile revertants for A₁ cytoplasm increased with age of seed from 1 to 3 yr. Seeds stored at 24 &C produced plants with significantly more fertile revertants than seeds stored at 5 or –5 °C. Differences in seed germination and vigor of seedlings with A₁ and A_m cytoplasms were nonsignificant or of little practical significance. The new cytoplasm, desiganted A₄, is different from A₁, A₂, and A₃ cytoplasms based on fertility of hybrids, morphological characters, and stability.

Received for publication March 6, 1989.

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