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Development and Characterization of Friable, Embryogenic Oat Callus

Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics

H. W. Rines

USDA-ARS, Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

^* Corresponding author.

Friable, embryogenic (FE) callus cultures are desired for genetic manipulations at the cellular level. The goal of this research was to develop and characterize such cultures for oat (Avena spp.). Nonfriable (NF) oat callus derived from immature embryos was plated on a modified MS medium containing 60 g L^–1 sucrose and no hormones. This treatment resulted in the development of distinct somatic embryos that germinated to form complete plants when placed on a modified MS medium containing 20 g L^–1 sucrose and no hormones. Embryogenic sectors isolated from 26-wk-old NF callus were visually selected during repeated subculture on a modified MS medium containing 2 mg L^–1, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 20 g L^–1 sucrose to produce FE callus. Transfer of FE callus to a modified MS medium containing 60 g L^–1 sucrose and no hormones induced the maturation of somatic embryos. Subsequent transfer of this FE callus to modified MS medium containing 20 g L^–1 sucrose and no hormones allowed the germination of some of these embryos. Plants were regenerated from FE callus lines for more than 78 wk after FE callus establishment. Friable embryogenic callus also was initiated directly from immature embryos of three genotypes and seedling mesocotyls of two genotypes. Genotypic variation in this response was noted. The FE oat cultures represent an improved callus type for in vitro genetic manipulation of oat.

Received for publication June 2, 1988.

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