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Relation of Isozyme Genotypes to Quantitative Characters in Soybean

Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915
Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., and Univ. of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 00708

^* Corresponding author.

Selection based on genotypes at marker loci may increase the efficiency of plant improvement. Two interspecific crosses of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr x G. soja Sieb. & Zucc.] were used to examine the relationships between isozyme marker loci and agronomic traits. The parents had different alleles at six isozyme loci for Cross 1 (A80-244036 x PI 326581) and eight isozyme loci for Cross 2 (A81-157007 x PI 342618A). Approximately 4000 BC₂F₄-derived lines were evaluated in two replications at two locations for maturity (MAT), height (HT), lodging (LDG), plant type (PLT) and vining (VNG). Lines were identified that were homozygous for G. soja alleles at different numbers of marker loci, from 0 to 5. Within each locus class, there were a number of specific enzyme genotypes, and each enzyme genotype was represented by a number of lines from different BC₂F₁ families. Associations were observed for specific enzyme genotypes and every quantitative trait in both crosses, but the particular isozyme genotype/quantitative trait relationships were population specific. No complete or very tight linkages between marker loci and loci affecting quantitative traits were identified in this study, but such linkages would be useful in the identification and isolation of genes affecting the expression of quantitative traits. For every trait except MAT, an increase in the numbers of isozyme marker loci that were homozygous for alleles from G. soja resulted in a change in the phenotype toward the G. soja parent in both crosses. The relationship between numbers of homozygous marker loci and parental phenotype could increase the efficiency of an introgression program by hastening recovery of the recurrent parent phenotype while maintaining specific desired alleles from the donor parent.

Received for publication May 16, 1988.