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Comparison of Different Methods of Identifying Inbreds Useful for Improving Elite Maize Hybrids

Ciba-Geigy Semences, 29 rue de la Croix Des Bois, 49800 Brain-Sur LAuthion, France
Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana IL 61801

^* Corresponding author.

The identification of inbred lines (I_w) as sources of favorable alleles not already present in an elite hybrid (I₁ x I₂) is an essential part of a pedigree corn breeding program. The objective of this study was to compare different methods of estimating the value of an inbred as a parent for improving performance of an elite hybrid. A nonreciprocal diallel of four maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds derived from Stiff Stalk Synthetic (B73, B84, N7A, and H100), five derived from Lancaster (Pa91, Mo 17, H95, H102, and Va26), and five unrelated to Stiff Stalk Synthetic or Lancaster (B77, B57, B75, B79, and N152) was evaluated for grain yield, grain dry matter percentage, earliness of flowering, and plant and ear height at two locations in 1984 and 1985. A minimally biased estimate of the number of favorable alleles present in an inbred but not present in an elite hybrid (µG*) was compared with an earlier biased estimate µG), minimum upper bound estimates (UBND), inbred performance per se, general combining ability (GCA) estimates, and predicted three way performance (PTC). The µG* estimates were highly correlated with PTC and UBND estimates for most traits and with GCA for traits where additive genetic effects are of major importance. Correlations of µG* with the original µG and inbred performance per se were generally low. When the top two lines were selected within each of the 91 hybrids for the magnitude of µG* for grain yield, Pa91 was the line most often chosen followed by B73, B84, and Mol7. Estimates of relative genetic distance of I_w to I₁ or I₂ agreed well with pedigree information.

Received for publication March 18, 1988.

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