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Influence of Water Stress on Grain Yield Response to Recurrent Selection in Maize

McCurdy Seed Co., Fremont, IA 52561
Dep. Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

^* Corresponding author.

Substantial yield reductions in maize (Zea mays L.) can be attributed to short-duration drought in rainfed production areas. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of moisture stress in selection environments on response to mass and full-sib recurrent selection and yield stability when selected materials were evaluated in environments with different levels of moisture stress. Five cycles of mass and full-sib recurrent selection for grain yield were applied to population AS-A under irrigated and dryland conditions on sandy textured soils. Selected cycles were evaluated as populations per se, S1 bulks, and in testcross combinations in 21 environments that included low, variable, and high moisture stress trials. Selection responses in populations and stability parameters for all materials were estimated. Under irrigated conditions, mass selection (MI) and full-sib selection (FI), and full-sib selection under dryland conditions (FNI) resulted in gains in AS-A of 10.2, 11.0, and 5.8% per cycle, respectively. Mass selection under dryland conditions (MNI) did not result in significant gains per cycle except high moisture stress environments. Selection increased grain yield mainly by increasing responsiveness under low or variable moisture stress. The relative performance of S1 bulks and testcrosses were similar to relative performance of corresponding populations per se. On average, selection for grain yield under irrigated conditions gave results superior to those obtained from selection under dryland conditions. Selection under irrigation was as effective as selection under dryland conditions for increasing yield in moisture-stressed environments and resulted in greater responsiveness of selected populations to favorable environments.

Received for publication October 26, 1988.

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