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Cytoplasmic Effects on Photosynthetic Activities of Soybean Leaves

Dep. of Agronomy

R. C. Shoemaker

USDA-ARS and Dep. of Agronomy and Genetics, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011

^* Corresponding author.

Many of the thylakoid proteins involved in photosynthesis, as well as the catalytic subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylaseoxygenase (rubisco), are encoded in the chloroplast, which is inherited maternally. Different chloroplast genomes might result in different photosynthetic rates or differential regulation of photosynthetic enzymes. Nine soybean lines [Glycine max (L.) Merr. and G. gracilis], representing four different chloroplast genomes, were reciprocally crossed to a common high-photosynthetic parent. Reciprocal F₁'S in a field experiment behaved similarly for CO₂-exchange rate (CER), photosynthetic electron transport, rubisco activity, and soluble protein content. Hence, these traits were not influenced by the different chloroplast genomes, implying that the chloroplast genomes used were not different with respect to genes involved in ratelimiting photosynthesis or any sequence changes were not expressed. Partial dominance for low CER seemed evident in the progeny of parents having large differences in CER. This effect seems to be under nuclear influence because it occurred in both F₁ progeny of reciprocal crosses. This partial dominance for low CER appeared in both Glycine species and was mainly due to low protein content resulting in low rubisco activity per leaf area. The performance of the two species in photosynthesis and the related traits was similar.

Received for publication May 25, 1988.