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Effects of Selection for Sugarbeet Purity Components on Quality and Sucrose Extractions

Northern Crop Science Lab., USDA-ARS, Box 5677 University Station, Fargo, ND 58105-5677
Crops Res. Lab., Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523

^* Corresponding author.

Soluble nonsucrose constituents in extracted sugarbeet juice are a major concern to sugar processors because they impede crystallization and thus lower extraction of sucrose. Selection response for nonsucrose root extract chemical constituents known to affect sucrose recovery in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) was determined in a heterogeneous population. The objectives of the research were to determine the direct effects of cyclic selection for specific root extract chemicals and the indirect effects of this selection on other purity determining chemicals. Two cycles of selection for high and low Na⁺, K⁺, and amino N were used to develop populations, which were then compared to their common parental population in 3 yr of field testing. Significant population mean shifts for extract chemical composition occurred in the newly synthesized populations developed by high or low selection. Selection for reduced Na⁺ (one of the three chemical constituents previously identified as important to juice quality) significantly increased purity and extractable sucrose. The effect of selection on other nonsucrose chemicals was often dramatic and not predictable, although a strong positive association was detected between Na⁺ and CI^–. Realized heritability estimates were 0.23, 0.66, and 0.81 for Na⁺, K⁺, and amino N, respectively.

Received for publication May 16, 1988.