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Testcross Evaluation of Exotic Soybean Germplasm of Different Origins

Dep. of Agronomy, Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210

^* Corresponding author.

Two separate testcross experiments were used to determine whether germplasm strains differing in geographic origin also differed in their potential to increase yield and genetic diversity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding programs. Plant introduction strains (PI) were selected on the basis of maturity and yield per se to represent four origin groups: Modern North China (introduced since 1958), Old North China (introduced before 1933), Europe, and Korea. Twenty four strains per origin group were crossed to the male-sterile tester line L74-01H, and F₂ bulks were tested at three locations in 1985. Eight strains per origin group were crossed to ‘Zane’, and 20 random F₂-derived lines per cross were evaluated in microplots in 1985. The best four lines per cross, selected on the basis of an index incorporating yield and maturity, were tested at two locations in 1986 and 1987. No differences in yield were associated with origin groups in the L74-01H testcrosses. In the test of random lines from the Zane testcross, lines derived from the Old North China and Europe groups outyielded those from Modern North China and Korea by 6 to 9%. Crosses derived from Korean strains had, on average, greater genetic variances for yield than those from other groups. In the test of selected lines, there were no yield differences among origin groups. Our results suggest that, where germplasm strains have been selected for performance per se, geographic origin may be of some help in predicting the magnitude of genetic variability in exotic x adapted populations.

Received for publication May 31, 1988.