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Agronomic Evaluation of Oat Cultivars with Substituted Avena fatua and A. sterilis Cytoplasms

USDA-ARS, Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

^* Corresponding author.

Genetic diversity in cytoplasms may potentially reduce the vulnerability of a crop to an epiphytotic and also increase variability available for trait improvement. The objectives of this study were to increase the cytoplasmic diversity available in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) and to test effects of substituted wild oat cytoplasms on grain yield and other agronomic traits. Cytoplasm substitution lines were developed by five to six backcrosses of four oat cultivars into cytoplasms of five A. fatua L. and three A. sterilis L. wild oat accessions. Two to six lines of various alloplasmic combinations were compared to their respective euplasmic A. sativa recurrent parents in hill plot tests at two locations in 1985 and one location in 1986. The A. fatua and A. sterilis cytoplasms generally did not affect grain yield, aboveground biomass production, height, heading date, harvest index, or seed weight. One alloplasmic combination, among 24 tested, consistently yielded significantly less than its euplasmic A. sativa parent, but none yielded significantly more. The few instances where particular alloplasmic combinations differed from their euplasmic A. sativa parents may have resulted from residual nuclear contributions from the cytoplasm donor. The general lack of detrimental effects of substituted A. fatua and A. sterilis cytoplasms indicate that they may be useful for broadening the cytoplasmic diversity of oat.

Received for publication October 5, 1987.