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Response to Selection for Time of Flowering in Soybean

USDA-ARS, Dep. of Agronomy, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

^* Corresponding author.

Previous research demonstrated that the duration of the seedfilling period (SFP) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.) could be genetically modified. Long SFP was associated with early flowering. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effectiveness of divergent selection for time of flowering while maintaining similar dates of maturity and to determine the influence of such selection on other agronomic characteristics. Genetic male sterility was used to intermate populations selected for time of flowering from a single cross. Pedigree selection was practiced to identify lines with similar maturity and extremes in flowering date. Data from 22 lines were collected on the center two rows of four-row plots and included dates of R1, R5, R7, and R8, lodging, plant height, and seed yield. In each of 2 yr, the experiment was replicated twice at each of two locations. Selected lines flowered significantly earlier or later than the commercial cultivars in the experiment. Lines with similar time to maturity differed by as much as 24 d in time to flowering. The time from R1 to R5 was a nearly constant proportion of the time from Rl to R7. Because of this relationship changes in duration of SFP were much smaller than changes in time to flowering. The mean SFP (RS–R7) for the six earliest-flowering lines was 5 d greater than the mean SFP for the six latest-flowering lines. One line significantly exceeded the SFP and seed yield of ‘Williams’, the higher yielding parent.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Pedigree selection • Genetic male-sterility • Seed yield • Seed-filling period

Received for publication October 21, 1987.