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Effect of Plant Height and Flowering Date on Seed Yield of Determinate Soybean

Dep. of Botany, Natl. Chung Hsing Univ., Taichung, Taiwan;
USDA-ARS, and Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

^* Corresponding author.

An experiment was conducted to study the value of plant height and time of flowering in improving yield of determinate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in the northern USA. Eight crosses were made among 10 determinate plant introductions. Twenty F₂ families representing four plant types: tall, early flowering; tall, late flowering; short, early flowering; and short, late flowering were identified in the F₃ generation for each of Maturity Groups I, II, and III. They were yield tested in 1985 and 1986 in a Flanagan silt loam (Aquic Argiudoll) at Urbana, IL. Seed yield was significantly affected by time of flowering in all three groups. Early flowering families outyielded the late-flowering families by 7, 28, and 14% in Groups I, II, and HI, respectively. The short, early-flowering type had the highest mean yield and highest yielding individual families for all three Maturity Groups. The highest yielding F₂ families were taller than currently grown determinate cultivars and yielded approximately 80% of ‘Gnome’ and ‘Hobbit’. These data indicate that time of flowering is relatively more important than plant height in determining seed yield of determinate soybean in Maturity Groups I through III.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Soybean germplasm • Stem termination • Maturity • Soybean breeding

Received for publication April 15, 1987.

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