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Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
Dep. of Food Technology, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
(Iowa State Univ., Dep. of Agronomy) Agric. Exp. Stn., P.O. Box 506, Isabela, PR 00662
* Corresponding author.
Linolenic acid is the unstable component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil responsible for undesirable odors and flavors commonly associated with poor oil quality. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of fatty acid composition in A5, a soybean mutant with the lowest linolenic acid percentage of any genotype that has been evaluated for the character. Reciprocal crosses were made between A5 and two soybean cultivars, Weber and Pella. The parents were significantly different for all fatty acids, except palmitic acid in A5 and Pella. The F1 seeds, F2 seeds from F1 plants, and seeds from replicated tests of F2-derived lines were evaluated for the percentage of palmitic, stearic, oleic, iinoleic, and linolenic acids. The F1 seeds from reciprocal crosses differed significantly for oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in both crosses, and for palmitic acid in the Weber cross, which indicated a maternal effect on composition for these fatty acids. Cytoplasmic inheritance of fatty acid composition was not observed, based on the lack of reciprocal cross differences for fatty acid composition in the analysis of F2 seeds from F1 plants. The composition of the F2-derived lines exhibited a continuous distribution typical of a quantitative character for each of the fatty acids in both crosses. There were 14% of the F2-derived lines in the Pella cross and 10% in the Weber cross that had a linolenic acid percentage as low as A5. Heritability estimates on a plot basis averaged across crosses from the analysis of F2-derived lines were 33% for palmitic, 5% for stearic, 54% for oleic, 59% for linoleic, and 58% for linolenic acid. The results indicated that fatty acid composition should be considered a quantitative character in crosses that involve A5 as a parent.
Key Words: Glycine max L. Merr. • Plant breeding • Palmitic acid • Stearic acid • Oleic acid • Linoleic acid • Maternal effect • Heritability
Received for publication April 17, 1987.
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