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Published in Crop Sci 27:1273-1278 (1987)
© 1987 Crop Science Society of America
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Aflatoxin, Zearalenone, and Deoxynivalenol in North Carolina Grain Sorghum1

W. M. Hagler, Jr., D. T. Bowman, M. Babadoost, C. A. Haney and S. P. Swanson2

Reports of aflatoxins and zearalenone in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and their deleterious effects on swine prompted an investigation of grain sorghum grown in North Carolina. Studies were conducted from 1981 to 1985 to determine the effects of location, cultivar, grain moisture at harvest, and rainfall pattern on the presence of aflatoxins, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol at harvest. Aflatoxin levels were very low in all studies. Significant location effects were detected for zearalenone in 1981, 1982, 1984, and 1985, and for deoxynivalenol in 1981,1984, and 1985. The location effect may be a function of rainfall wherein heavy rainfall during anthesis and early grain fill predisposes the crop to Fusarium mycotoxin contamination. Hybrid effects were significant at P <0.10 in 42% of the environments for zearalenone and in 17% for deoxynivalenol. Hybrid effects were significant for deoxynivalenol across environments in 1982 and 1984. Based on data collected in 1983 and 1984, there was no correlation between grain moisture at harvest and Fusarium-induced mycotoxin levels. A survey of 17 grower bins in 1983 revealed zearalenone in all samples with an average concentration of 443 ng/g, while deoxynivalenol was found in five samples.

Key Words: Mycotoxins • Sorghum bicolor L Fusarium • Head blight • Grain mold

1 Paper no. 8925 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agric. Res. Serv., Raleigh, NC 27695-7601.

2 Associate professor, Dep. of Poultry Science; associate professor, Dep. of Crop Science; research associate, Dep. of Poultry Science; supervisor, GC/MS Facility, Research Administration, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695; and senior chemist, Dep. of Veterinary Bioscience, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801.

Received for publication October 10, 1986.




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