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Somaclonal Variation in Soybean Plants Regenerated from the Cotyledonary Node Tissue Culture System¹

The cotyledonary node tissue culture system stimulates the genesis of shoots from newly formed and pre-existing meristematic regions of nodal tissue cultured on media containing benzyladenine (BA). The intent of this study was to determine whether soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars differ in their response to this system, and to test for the presence of tissue culture derived genetic variants. The response of three soybean cultivars (Calland, Funman, and Wayne) to this system was analyzed. Slight, but statistically significant, differences were observed in shoots per seed, plants per seed, and regeneration time. The number of shoots derived from a given seed after 6 weeks in culture was not correlated with the number of plants ultimately derived from the same seed. Field analysis of progeny of regenerated plants demonstrated no variability for lodging and maturity among seven families. Variability for yield was observed in 2 of 19 families compared to control cultivars. One of 22 families exceeded the control in height, and variability for height was increased among regenerated families. Recessive mutations for putative sterility characters were observed in 2 of 89 families, but mutations in six marker genes were not apparent.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Meristem culture • Plant regeneration • Induced mutations

² Senior research biologist (currently postdoctoral fellow, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546); research biologist I (currently research assistant, Dep. of Agronomy and Range Science, Univ. of California, Davis, CA, 95616); and research group leader, Monsanto Agricultural Co., 700 Chesterfield Village Parkway, St. Louis, MO, 63198.

Received for publication June 6, 1986.

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