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Response to Environmental Variation of Soybean Lines selected for Altered Unsaturated Fatty Acid Composition¹

Stability of performance across environments is considered essential to the release of soybean genotypes with improved oil quality. Recent advances in the development of soybean genotypes with higher oleic acid and lower linoleic and linolenic acid percentages may be accompanied by changes in genotype x environmental (GE) interaction of the selected material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate stability of unsaturated fatty acid composition in lines derived from the original unselected population and from the third and sixth cycles of recurrent selection for high oleic acid. Lines were classified in two maturity groups and measured for seed fatty acid composition across eight environments in North Carolina, Mississippi, and Puerto Rico. Stability analysis was applied to the data using two environmental variables. The regression analyses showed that GE interactions for each unsaturated fatty acid could be attributed to differences among genotypes in their linear responses to change in environment mean. Further partitioning of these components between maturity groups indicated that stability analysis of genotypes within maturity groups may be more appropriate. This analysis revealed a higher proportion of selected lines sensitive in oleic and linoleic acid percentages to environmental variation compared with the unselected lines. However, the opposite trend was noted for linolenic acid percentage. Low linolenic acid lines tended to show lower-than-average linear responses to change in environment mean. Furthermore, differences among genotypes in their linear response to change in environment mean could be attributed to their differential sensitivities to change in growth temperature. Because lines lower in linolenic acid percentage tended to be less sensitive in that trait to environmental variation (compared to the oleic acid trait), direct selection for low linolenic acid is suggested when testing genotypes in very few environments.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Stability • Genotype #x2715; environment interaction • Recurrent selection • Oil quality

² Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078); research agronomist, USDA-ARS, and associate professor of crop science; research geneticist, USDA-ARS, and associate professor of crop science; supervisory plant physiologist, USDA-ARS, and professor of crop science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7631, respectively.

Received for publication December 24, 1985.

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