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Fast-Growing Rhizobium fredii are Poor Nitrogen-Fixing Symbionts of Soybean¹

Soybean-Rhizobium genotype combinations with high rates of N₂ fixation are useful in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) breeding programs. Nitrogen fixation was examined in 13 soybean cultivars and wild soybean (G. soja Sieb. & Zucc.) plant introductions inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 61A76 and four fast-growing strains of Rhizobium fredii. Five-week-old plants were assessed for nodule morphology, acetylene reduction rate, nodule number, nodule fresh weight, and plant-top dry weight. All fast-growing strains formed effective nodules on cultivars ‘Peking’, ‘Virginia’, ‘Hardee’, and the G. soja plant introductions. In contrast, three of the fast-growing strains formed ineffective nodules on the other cultivars. One strain, USDA191, formed effective nodules on all cultivars. No nodules were formed by the fast-growing R. fredii on ‘Harosoy rj1 rj1’. Rhizobium fredii strain USDA191 fixed N, as well as the slow-growing control with cultivars Peking, Virginia, ‘Harosoy 63’, and ‘Rampage’, and G. soja plant introductions PI 342622A and PI 101404B, but fixed less NJ than the slow-growing control with cultivars ‘Evans’, ‘Williams’, Hardee, ‘Hill’, and G. soja PI 407217 and PI 81762.

Key Words: Symbiosis • Nitrogen fixation • Rhizobium fredii • Glycine max L. Merr. • Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc. • Genetic variability • Bradyrhizobium japonicum

² Graduate student, Dep. of Genetics; research geneticist, USDAARS, and professor, Dep. of Genetics and Dep. of Agronomy; professor, Dep. of Genetics, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011. Current address of senior author: Dep. of Biology, Notre Dame, IN 46556.

Received for publication June 10, 1985.

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