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Agronomic Comparisons among Wheat Lines Nearly Isogenic for Three Reduced-Height Genes¹

The two most commonly used reduced-height genes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are Rht₁, and Rht₂. The Rht₃, gene is known to be a potent height-reducing gene. Information is limited as to the comparative effects of these three genes on agronomic traits, especially when placed in a common genetic background. This study made multiple site-year comparisons in Washington for grain yield, plant height, volume weight, kernel weight, and tiller number among five reduced-height, near-isogenic lines and their recurrent parent, ‘Burt’. One line had the Rht₃, gene. One line each had the Rht₁, and Rht₂, genes combined from ‘Norin 10’ and from ‘Suwon 92’. One line each had either the Rht₁ or Rht₂, gene separately from these two sources. Plant heights of lines with either Rht₁, or Rht₂, alone, Rht₁, and Rht₂, combined, and with Rht₃, were reduced 24, 52, and 64%, respectively. The Rht₃, line had the lowest (P<0.05) across-test mean yield of 3360 kg ha^–1. The two lines with both Rht₁, and Rht₂, exceeded (P<0.05) the yield of the Rht₃, line with means of 3660 and 3840 kg ha^–1; these values were less (P<0.05) than the Burt mean yield of 4440 kg ha^–1 as well as the yields (4300 and 4900 kg ha^–1) of lines with either Rht₁ or Rht₂. The Suwon 92 derived line with either Rht₁ or Rht₂, exceeded (P<0.05) the mean yields of other lines and Burt by 10 to 46%. The Rht₃ line had significantly lower (P<0.05) mean volume weight, kernel weight, and tiller number than the other lines and Burt. Reductions in these traits of the Rht₃ line compared to Burt were 11, 31, and 11% respectively. Lines with one or both Rht₁ and Rht₂, genes had lower (P<0.05) kernel weights than Burt. All Rht genes reduced volume weight. Although Rht₃, is an effective height-reducing gene, it caused negative effects on yield, volume weight, kernel weight, and tiller number. Single dosages of Rht₁, or Rht₂, caused neutral or positive effects on yield and tiller number, and warrant use in breeding.

Key Words: Triticum aestivum L. • Semidwarf • Dwarf • Plant growth • Grain yield • Yield components

² Geneticist and research leader, USDA-ARS, Dep. of Agronomy and Soils, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164.

Received for publication February 4, 1985.

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