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Barley Cultivar Identification by Polycrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Hordein Proteins: Catalog of Cultivars¹

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of hordein polypeptides was used to identify and catalog barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. An electrophoregram formula was prepared for each cultivar using relative band mobility (based on the ‘Betzes’ reference band 0.50). Forty cultivars were separated into 17 groups. Group was largest with 12 cultivars, six other groups contained more than one cuitivar, and only 10 cultivars showed unique hordein band patterns. Some differences, mainly due to presence or absence of faint bands, were observed among cultivars within groups. It was possible to differentiate cultivars currently grown in North Dakota into five groups which included: 1) ‘Glenn’, ‘Morex’, ‘Robust’, ‘Hazen’, and ‘Bumper’; 2) ‘Azure’; 3) ‘Larker’; 4) ‘Bedford’; and 5) ‘Hector’. Banding patterns of Glenn, Morex, Robust, Hazen, and Bumper were identical. The malting cultivars Robust and Morex and the feed types Bedford and ‘Klondike’ have similar kernel characteristics. Using PAGE, it was possible to differentiate the two malting types from the two feed types and also differentiate between Bedford and Klondike. Also, hordein band patterns of six single kernels from each of 38 cultivars were compared with a meal sample from each cultivar with Betzes as a reference. In general, single kernels gave hordein band patterns identical to those of meal samples, but intensity of bands usually was fainter. Single kernels gave better resolution than meal samples. Of the cultivars analyzed, 25 showed identical hordein band patterns in single kernels and their corresponding meal samples, while 13 showed differences between their meal and/or among single kernel bands.

Key Words: Hordeum vulgare L. • Malting barley • Hordein extraction • Single-kernel identification

² Former graduate research fellow (currently barley breeder, Holetta Res. Stn., Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia), assistant professor of cereal science and food technology, and professor of agronomy, respectively, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105.

Received for publication June 24, 1985.