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Genetic Variation and Selection Response for Oil Composition in Corn¹

Our objectives were to study genetic variation and realized response to selection for oil quantity and quality. Information on genetic variation in broad based corn (Zeam mays L.) population is needed for decisions about breeding methods to be used for oil enhancement in such populations. Quality measures are important for determining correlated responses to selection for high oil. Previous estimates have generally been based on generation means of narrow based populations. Genetic parameters of oil quantity and composition were estimated by analysis of 89 interpopulation full-sib families and their S₁ line parents from ‘Nebraska B’ and ‘Nebraska Krugp’ populations. Percent oil was determined using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Fatty acid proportions were determined using gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. Results revealed that significant genetic variation exists for both fatty acid composition and percent oil. Negative genetic correlation(r = –0.96) was found between oleic and linoleic acids, as expected. Percent oil was positively correlated with oleic (r = 0.51) but negatively correlated with linoleic (r = –0.48), suggesting a potential correlated response from selection of lowered quality with increased quantity of oil. A cycle of selection was completed and response to selection measured for three separate selection criteria (linoleic acid, total unsaturated fatty acids, and percent oil). Response to selection indicated that significant increases were obtained for each criterion. Both S₁ line per se and reciprocal full-sib selection were effective, however linoleic acid was increased significantly more by the S₁ per se method. Our data indicate that oil quantity and quality can be changed by recurrent selection. It also appears that by careful monitoring of fatty acid proportions, oil quantity can be increased without lowering oil quality, at least for a few cycles.

Key Words: Saturated fatty acids • Unsaturated fatty acids • Genetic parameters • Zea mays L. • Recurrent selection, Maize • Maize

² Graduate research fellow now with RISPA, Medan, Indonesia; professor of agronomy; associate professor of food science and agronomy; and professor of plant genetics in agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801.

Received for publication May 6, 1985.

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