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Genotype x Environment Interactions in Peanut Multiline Populations¹

The stabilities of four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) multiline populations plus their component lines were determined over a 4-year period, 1980-1983, at two locations in Florida. The study was undertaken to provide information concerning the stability of both yield and market quality factors of multiline cultivars vs. the component lines which form them. Each multiline was obtained from a different cross, and was formed by compositing in equal proportions the seed from four early generation, phenotypically similar sib-lines. The interactions of genotype (population) with environments was highly significant (P = < 0.01) for pod yield and five quality factors (percentage fancy pod, shelling percentage, weight per 100 seeds, percentage of extra large kernels and sound mature kernel yield) studied. Large differences in yield and market quality traits were not found between sib-lines. However, differences were found in stability estimated from regression coefficients and deviation from regression of multilines compared to their component lines, possibly due to the buffering action resulting from greater genetic variability. Multilines did not have greater stability in all cases, but the difference between the multiline and its least stable component line was generally greater than the difference between the multiline and its most stable component line. This research indicates that the chance of improving the yield stability and market acceptibility of peanut cultivars is increased when the multiline approach is used.

Key Words: Groundnut • Yield stability • Genotype evaluation • Peanut breeding • Arachis hypogaea L.

² Professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; professor, Univ. of Florida, Agric. Res. and Educ. Ctr., Marianna, FL 32446; associate professor, Dep. of Agronomy and professor, Statistics Dep., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville.

Received for publication November 30, 1984.