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Effects of Planting Date on Two Soybean Cultivars: Seasonal Dry Matter Accumulation and Seed Yield¹

Delayed planting consistently reduced grain yields of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in central Illinois. A field study was conducted during two growing seasons at Urbana, IL, to determine the influence of planting date on grain yield, yield components and dry matter partitioning of ‘Williams 79’ and ‘Corsoy 79’ soybeans in order to gain a better understanding of their yield physiology. Soybeans were planted in mid-May and mid-June in 1982 and 1983 on a Flanagan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aquic Argiudoll). Tissue samples, including abscised material, were collected at R1, R5, and R7 stages and separated into individual plant parts for analysis. Grain yields of Corsoy 79 were consistently higher than those of Williams 79 under less than favorable growing conditions, i.e. with delayed planting and water stress conditions experienced in 1983. Delayed planting decreased grain yields primarily by decreasing the number of seed. Williams 79 had a higher rate of vegetative abscission and generally a lower harvest index than Corsoy 79, indicating perhaps a greater efficiency of dry matter use in the latter. Delayed planting increased the rate of dry matter accumulation between VE and R1 but decreased rates of vegetative production from R1 to R5. Net vegetative dry matter production during seedfill was influenced by the year, cultivar, and planting date indicating differences in total dry matter production and remobilization to the developing seed. Planting date affected the stem:leaflet:petiole ratio at R5 and R7.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Harvest index • Seed-fill rate

² Former research assistant and assistant professor.

Received for publication August 17, 1984.

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