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Further Studies on the Electrophoretic Patterns of the Multiple Forms of Amylase in Soybean Seeds¹

Recent work from our laboratory as well as work from other laboratories indicate a greater number of amylase bands (isozymes) in soybean seeds than preViously reported. Our objectives in this study were to determine the amylase patterns in all the soybean cultivars screened and to establish the contribution of and ß amylase to the total amylase activity. Therefore, soybean seed samples from 268 cultivars obtained from the Northern Soybean Germplasm Collection, Urbana, Illinois, were screened for - and ß-amylase by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ten amylase isozymelectrophoretic variant patterns were found. Variant pattern II contained 75% while variant pattern I contained 14% of the cultivars screened. The remaining variant patterns contained 4% or less of the total cultivars screened. The number of amylase bands ranged from a minimum of 11 to a maximum of 18. A ßamylase inhibition study showed that of the amylase bands detected, a-amylase accounted for three to six of the bands present. Two of the cultivars screened, Chestnut and Altona, which have been reported earlier as lacking or having low amylase activity were shown to have 18 and 14 amylase bands respectively. The electrophoretic separation was achieved by the incorporation of 3g L^–1 soluble starch into the gel, followed by gel slab formation and electrophoretic separation at 4°C.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Electrophoresis • Electrophoretic variant • -Amylase • ß-Amylase

² Research associate, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois and plant physiologist, USDA-ARS, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801.

Received for publication October 24, 1984.