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Inheritance of Bruchid Resistance in Cowpea¹

This study was undertaken to elucidate the nature of inheritance of resistance to bruchids [Callosobruchus maculatus. (F.)] in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. The parental F₁, F₂, and backcross populations involving three resistant and two susceptible parents were bioassayed in the laboratory for bruchid reaction on an individual plant basis. The reaction of F₁ seeds was similar to that of seeds from the maternal parent, indicating that the genotype of the maternal plant controls bruchid infestation. The F₂ seeds derived from F₁ plants represented the true hybrid population and the mean adult emergence was similar to that of the susceptible parents, indicating complete dominance of susceptibility. No reciprocal differences were observed. The F₂ plants derived from the six crosses segregated into a ratio of 15 susceptible:l resistant, indicating digenic inheritance. These results were further supported by the backcross data. The F_l plants from the backcross involving the resistant parent segregated into a 3 susceptible:l resistant ratio, whereas those involving the susceptible parent were uniformly susceptible. These data indicate that resistance to bruchids in cowpea is controlled by two recessive genes for which symbols rcm_l and rcm₂ are being proposed.

Key Words: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp • Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) • Inheritance • Storage pest

² Former graduate student, cowpea breeder and director, Grain Legume Improvement Program, respectively.

Received for publication August 6, 1984.

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