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Effect of Aging on Soluble Oligosaccharide Content in Soybean Seeds¹

Soluble sugars have been shown to decrease with aging of seeds. The effect of delayed harvest (field weathering) on the quantity of sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed was determined as a possible method to monitor seed deterioration. Soybean lines were grown in the field during 1980 through 1982, and were harvested when mature and after a minimum of 5 weeks of field weathering each year. The six soybean lines represented Maturity Groups III through V with permeable and impermeable seed coats. In 1982, the effect of accelerated aging and germination up to 48 h on the oligosaccharide content of four soybean lines was determined. The quantity of sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. In all 3 years, there were minor changes in sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose contents in soybean seeds due to field weathering. Subjecting soybean lines to accelerated aging or accelerated aging and 24 h of germination showed that total oligosaccharide content decreased, due primarily to loss of raffinose and stachyose. Oligosaccharide sugars, extracted from seeds germinated for 48 h indicated that there was no detectable difference in utilization of soluble sugars between seeds harvested at maturity and those that were field weathered. It was concluded that field weathering of seeds does not promote changes in the quantity or utilization of soluble oligosaccharides.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Sucrose • Raffinose • Stachyose • Field weathering • Accelerated aging

² Plant physiologist, Seed Res. Lab., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

Received for publication July 13, 1984.

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