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Quantitative Inheritance and Correlations of Agronomic and Grain Quality Traits of Sorghum¹

Two S₂ or S₁-derived families from each of 118 S₀ plants from Purdue random-mated population (PP18) of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, were evaluated in a randomized complete-block design over 1 or 2 years. Genetic parameters were estimated for days to bloom, plant height, lodging, panicle compactness, panicle weight, kernel weight, weathering, hardness, and vitreosity to assess breeding potential of the population. Additive variances were estimated using a weighted least-squares procedure. Additive variances were significant for all traits. The additive genetic coefficients of variation ranged from 2.9% for days to bloom to 25.5% for lodging. Narrow-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.349 to 0.734 for S₀-derived family selection (unit equals mean of S₂ progeny of two S₁/S₀ plants in two replicatio/ts in either 1 or 2 years). Heritabilities ranged from 0.359 to 0.842 for S₁-derived family selection (unit equals mean of S₂ progeny of a single S₁/S₀ plant in two replications in either 1 or 2 years). Additive genetic (–0.737 to 0.839) and phenotypic (–0.649 to 0.710) correlations were high among agronomic traits and among quality traits, and low between agronomic and quality traits. Kernel hardness had strong correlations with weathering (negative) and vitreosity (positive). Direct selection responses (percentage of mean) ranged from 3.70 to 28.58% and from 5.10 to 37.10% for S₀- and S₁-derived family selection, respectively, Correlated responses were lower than direct responses for most traits. However, for some pairs of traits the difference between the two responses was not large. The results suggested good potential for conventional breeding methods and early generation selection for all traits tested. More improvement would be expected from S₁-derived than from S₀-derived family selection.

Key Words: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench • Genetic variance components • Heritability • Genetic correlation • Phenotypic correlation • Direct response • Correlated response

² Plant breeder, Agric. Res. Corp., P.O. Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan; and professors, Dep, of Agronomy, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, respectively.

Received for publication June 25, 1984.

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