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Variability for Yield and Yield Components in IAP1R Grain Sorghum Random-Mating Population. II. Correlations, Estimated Gains from Selection, and Correlated Responses to Selection¹

Estimated gains from selection and interrelationships among plant characters in the random-mating sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] population IAP1R were evaluated using data from seven environments. Genetic correlations of grain yield with the primary components of yield were highest for seeds per panicle (0.53-0.65), variable for 100-seed weight (0.32--0.16), and low for panicles per plant (0.07-0.27). Phenotypic correlations were positive for yield with plant height (0.41) and days to midbloom (0.29). Estimates of percentage gain per generation for gridded mass selection indicated that this procedure would be effective for improving 100-seed weight. Comparisons of gains from mass selection and different family selection methods indicated that grain yield, seeds per panicle, and panicles per plant were best improved by family selection. S₁ family testing seemed preferable to other procedures when both estimated gains and operational efficiency were considered. The estimated gain for yield was 4,2% per generation when S₁ testing was conducted at both Ames and Castana, IA and population performance was evaluated as the mean of those two locations. Correlated responses to St selection for yield and the components of yield indicated that indirect selection for yield would not be effective. Direct selection for yield was estimated to result in favorable increases in all yield components in Exp. I and in increases in all components except 100-seed weight in Exp. II.

Key Words: Sorghum bicolor L. Moench • Recurrent selection • Genetic male sterility • Mass selection

² Former graduate assistant, now postdoctoral fellow, maize program, CIMMYT, El Batan, Mexico; professor of agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011; and former research geneticist, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, now statistical geneticist, Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Johnston, IA 50131.

Received for publication April 23, 1984.