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An EMS Induced Dominant Allele for Male-Sterility Transferred to Euplasmic Wheat¹

A dominant allele for male sterility was transferred to euplasmic Triticum aestivum L. from an alloplasmic T. aestivum line having cytoplasm of Aegilops squarrosa L. This was made possible when the expression of the dominant allele was altered in a few florets of an alloplasmic male-sterile plant grown in a summer greenhouse where day-temperature ranged from 21 to 35°C. The pollen from the exceptional fertile anthers of the alloplasmic male-sterile plant was used to transfer male sterility to euplasmic T. aestivum. Transmission of the dominant allele in the progenies of euplasmic and alloplasmic T. aestivum lines was compared for several backcross generations. Male-sterile plants with cytoplasm of either species had small, aborted, and nonextruding anthers under normal growing conditions. Expression of the dominant allele for male sterility apparently remained stable in the cytoplasmic background of alloplasmic as well as euplasmlc T. aestivum plants grown within the normal range of temperatures for wheat (16 to 25°C). Male-sterile progeny of the euplasmic male-sterile plant was used as a cytoplasmic source to attempt a transfer of the dominant allele to euploid T. durum Desf. Either the dominant allele for male sterility could not be transferred to euploid T. durum or the allele was not expressed in the nucleus of euploid T. durum under the conditions of this experiment.

Key Words: Triticum aestivum L. • Aegilops squarrosa L. • Alloplasmic wheat • Inheritance • Wheat breeding

² Professor of agronomy, North Dakota State Univ., and research geneticist, USDA, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105.

Received for publication October 3, 1983.