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Relationships between Soybean Yield in Narrow Rows and Leaflet, Canopy, and Developmental Characters¹

Approximately 40 advanced generation soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines within each of three maturity groups from each of two single-cross populations were yield tested in 35-cm rows. Seed yield was studied in relation to leaflet, canopy, and developmental characters measured in 3 years to determine if these characters 1) were related to seed-yielding ability in narrow rows and 2) could be of use in a breeding program to improve soybean yield in narrow rows. All canopy and leaflet characters were measured at stage R5 (beginning of rapid seed-filling phase). Maturity groups in each population were selected to differ by approximately 7 days in mean days to R7 (5% of pods are mature pod color). Generally, late-maturing lines were larger and more vegetative than early lines. Significant genetic variances were found for most characters within each maturity group. In 1978, heritabilities of the characters (0.00 to 0.95) were generally high as or higher than heritability of yield (0.40 to 0.74). Small leaflet~size and low leaflet mass in the late-maturity groups were most closely and consistently associated with high yield in both populations (r = -0.15 to -0.54). A low canopy rating, suggesting deep light penetration into the canopy, was also related to high yield in the late maturity group of one population (r = -0.24 to -0.45). Selection in both crosses for small leaflet size in the late-maturity group in 1975 or 1977 improved seed yield an average of 4.9% over the group mean in 1978.

Key Words: Ideotype • Plant type • Morphological characters • Glycine max

² Former graduate research assistant and professors, Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011.

Received for publication February 11, 1983.

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