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Selection Indexes to Modify Protein Concentration of Soybean Seeds¹

The purpose of this study was t~a investigate the effectiveness of selection based upon selection indexes to modify protein concentration of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. Selection criteria were compared by evaluating F₄ performance of F_2- derived lines identified in the F₃ as being in the upper 10% of the population. Smith-Hazel indexes designed to maximize the gain in protein by including oil or oil and sugar as secondary traits were not more effective than direct selection, which resuited in changes of 1.42% protein and –1.14% oil. Smith-Hazel indexes which gave protein and oil equal economic weights, either including or not including sugar as a secondary trait, and a desired gains index with desired gains set at 1.0% protein and 0.25% oil were all similar in results to selection based on the sum of protein + oil. Among these methods, changes ranged from 0.15 to 0.31% for protein anti from –0.01 to 0.19% for oil. An index designed to change protein by 1.25% and oil by –0.75% produced observed changes of 1.31 and –0.81%. An index designed to increase protein as much as possible while holding oil constant resulted in changes of 0.45% protein and –0.13% oil. This index was more effective than selection for protein following culling oil at the mean, which resulted in little change for either trait.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Oil • Sugar

² Former graduate research assistant (present address: DEKALB-PFIZER GENETICS, 3100 Sycamore Road, DeKalb, IL 60115) and professor of plant genetics, respectively.

Received for publication May 17, 1982.