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Published in Crop Sci 23:1181-1184 (1983)
© 1983 Crop Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Aflatoxin Occurrence and Levels in Preharvest Corn Kernels with Varied Endosperm Characteristics Grown at Diverse Locations1

E. B. Lillehoja, M. S. Zuberb, L. L. Darrahc, W. F. Kwolekd, W. R. Findleye, E. S. Hornerf, G. E. Scottg, A. Manwillerh, D. B. Saueri, D. Thompsonj, H. Warrenk, D. R. Westl and N. W. Widstromm2

Natural aflatoxin contamination of developing corn (Zea mays L.) kernels was studied in one synthetic and 19 hybrids that varied in endosperm and other characteristics. The genotypes were grown at nine diverse locations in the USA in 1980 and 1981. The highest mean aflatoxin level (1846 ng g–1) was detected in kernels of Mo17 x B73. Elevated toxin accumulations were also observed in a waxy hybrid. A normal endosperm hybrid (SC54)x SC76) and a synthetic (MoSQA(H)C6) had the est mean toxin levels. From 90 to 100% of the samples from the South and 2 to 25% of the Corn Belt samples were aflatoxin positive. Elevated toxin concentrations (>100 ng g–l) were associated with a high toxin incidence. However, some locations provided numerous, contaminated samples with relatively low levels of aflatoxin. Elevated aflatoxin levels were also associated with increased insect damage.

Key Words: Aspergillus flavus • Zea mays • Fungi • Corn insects

1 Contributions from the Southern and Northern Regions, USDA; the Agric. Exp. Stns. of Florida, Missouri, Tennessee and South Carolina.

2a) Microbiologist, Southern Regional Res. Ctr., USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA-70179

2b) Professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201

2c) geneticist, USDA-ARS, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 6520l

2d) biometrician, Northern Regional Res. Ctr. Peoria, IL 61604

2e) agronomist, USDA-ARS, Ohio Agric. and Development Ctr., Wooster, OH 44691

2f) professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611

2g) agronomist, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762

2h) professor, Pee Dee Exp. Stn., Florence, SC 29501

2i) pathologist, USGMRC, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS

2j) agronomist, USDA-ARS, N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607

2k) pathologist, USDA-ARS, Purdue Univ. W. Lafayette, IN 47906

2l) assistant professor, Dep. of Plant and Soil Sci., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37901

2m) geneticist, USDA-ARS, Southern Grain Insects Res. Lab., Tifton, GA 31793.

Received for publication December 24, 1982.




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Copyright © 1983 by the Crop Science Society of America.