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Recurrent Selection for Grain Protein Percentage in Hard Red Spring Wheat¹

Two cycles of recurrent selection for grain protein percentage were evaluated, and direct response in grain protein percentage and correlated responses for other traits were determined. Ten hard red spring wheats selected for grain protein percentage and other traits were intermated to form the initial population (C0). Selection for grain protein percentage was applied on F₃ lines in C0 and Cl, and 20 to 25 lines were selected for intercrossing to initiate the next cycle. The proportion of each population selected for Cl and C2 were 7.5 and 4% respectively. The C0 and C2 bulks were grown with the original parents in four environments to evaluate gain. Also, 80 F₃-derived F₅ lines from C0 and 80 F₃-derived F₇ lines from C2 were evaluated at two locations to provide an estimate of gain from selection. Grain protein percentage increased 0.5 percentage points per cycle as measured by the lines, and 0.35 percentage points per cycle when measured on the bulks. Among the 160 lines tested, the highest 20 for grain protein percentage were from C2. Heritabilities for all traits varied only slightly from C0 to C2. Generally, other traits were unaffected by the selection procedure, with the exception of plant height of the bulks and mean grain yield of the lines, both being reduced from C0 to C2. Recurrent selection was effective in increasing grain protein percentage in this population, and thus could be used in germplasm development. multiple trait selection or selection for correlated traits might result in gains in grain protein percentage while maintaining grain yields.

Key Words: Triticum aestivum L. • Correlated responses • Genetic variances

² Former graduate research assistant (currently professor, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina); research geneticist and professor, USDA-ARS, Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minn., St. Paul; and assistant professor, Univ. of Minn., Crookston, MN 56716.

Received for publication September 1, 1982.