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Genetic and Phenotypic Associations of Agronomic Characteristics in Four High Protein Soybean Populations¹

Four hundred and twelve soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] progenies from crosses between two poorly adapted, high protein strains, ‘Pando’ (49.9% protein) and PI 159,764 (48.7% protein) and two adapted, average protein strains, SL12 (41.8% protein) and ‘Woodworth’ (40.4% protein) were evaluated replicated tests for two years at Lafayette, Ind. Data were recorded on seed yield, protein and oil percentage, and several agronomic characteristics to determine if interrelationships among these characteristics would facilitate or conflict with the development of high yielding, high protein strains with acceptable agronomic characteristics. High yield was positively associated with late maturity, increased plant height, lodging susceptibility, and resistance to shattering. High protein content was also associated with late maturity and increased plant height in progenies of two crosses and with increased severity of seed coat mottling. Because of a strong inverse relationship between protein and oil content, characteristics positively associated with high protein were associated with low oil content. Genetic correlations were large and variable for yield and protein percentage, were small for yield and oil percentage, and were negative for protein percentage and oil percentage. Yield components and yield related characteristics were measured on 52 progenies from one of the crosses. Characteristics closely associated with seed yield were number of seeds, pods, and nodes. Of these, number of nodes was also positively correlated with protein content. Selection for plants with high numbers of nodes should result in the development of base populations or lines where the negative correlation between yield and protein percentage would be negligible. The data indicated that group III or group IV strains combining high seed yield and protein content could be readily obtained from the populations studied. Adverse associations of lodging with both yield and protein were not strong enough to seriously interfere with the development of high yielding, high protein strains with adequate lodging resistance.

Key Words: Glycine max L. Merr. • Seed quality • Breeding methods • Yield • Protein percentage • Oil percentage • Yield components

² Former graduate instructor (presently director, Northeast Res. and Ext. Ctr., Univ. of Arkansas, Keiser, AR 72351) and research geneticist, USDA-ARS, and professor of Agronomy, Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907. Financial support from the Indiana Crop Improvement Assoc. is gratefully acknowledged.

Received for publication June 17, 1982.

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